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2026 (Volume 116)

Volume 115 Issue 2

Evidence-Deficit Allocation for User-Centred Public-Space Measurement

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1College of Architecture and Landscape Architecture, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

Public space analytics has become capable of capturing visual data, text data, behaviour data, environmental data, and administrative data. However, increased opportunities in evidence collection do not necessarily mean balanced evidence on users, since observable actions and simple perception tend to attract significantly more computational power than, for instance, safety, accessibility, climate comfort, universality, and management experience. The objective of this paper is to apply the proposed Evidence-Deficit Allocation approach to a ten-dimensional public space evidence register, featuring 427 dimension assignments and 58 dimension-level machine learning assignments. These ten dimensions include feeling towards place, satisfaction, sensory experience, use and activity, sense of safety, health, climate comfortability, perceived accessibility, universality, and feeling towards management. Evidence-Deficit Allocation involves several components including evidence share, machine learning share, local uptake, positive evidence-to-method deficit, and constraint load, which are then used to calculate a size-sensitive priority score and an under-adoption urgency score. Analysis finds that use and activity and feeling towards place represent 64.17% and 86.21%, respectively, of the total dimension evidence assignments, and machine learning assignments. It can thus be confirmed that there is a pronounced dominance of machine learning in behavioural and affective dimensions. Meanwhile, climate comfortability, universality, and feeling towards management represent 14.29% of dimension evidence assignment, but none of these three has any machine learning assignments. Use and activity achieves a maximum size-sensitive priority score of 100.00, while sense of safety scores 100.00 in urgency. Perceived accessibility, climate comfortability, management perception, and universality are four under-instrumented fields in public space evidence. In a 10,000-run perturbation analysis, the results are found robust against alternative constraint weighting.

Livelihood-Sensitive Hydrological Indexing of Nature-Based Flood Adaptation Priorities in Nigerian Land-Use Planning

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1The school of Automation and Electrical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China

Flood adaptation in land use in Nigeria calls for an intervention order that aligns with the level of flood burden, exposure of livelihood activities, and deterioration in land cover. In this paper, four flood-exposed communities; Odekpe, Umunakwo, Oko, and Okwe have been analyzed using the 198-respondent dataset on livelihood activity, size of farmland, flood shock index, nature-based integration value, and land cover type. About 61.1% of all respondents experienced severe to very severe flood shock, 72.7% of respondents earn their livelihood through farming and fishing, and 63.6% of respondent are exposed to small to medium-size farms. Odekpe had the largest flood shock value of 0.703, followed by Umunakwo (0.665), Oko (0.648), and Okwe (0.574). During 1990-2020, built-up and bare lands increased from 14.93 to 96.59 km2 whereas floodplains area increased from 183.07 to 332.73 km2. Vegetation and water bodies have declined during this period. The highest priority scores were allocated for ecosystem restoration and protection (27.51), green infrastructure development (25.01), and sustainable agriculture (24.80).

Call for Papers

Landscape Architecture invites submissions for Volume 2026, Issue 3, scheduled for publication in September 2026. The journal welcomes high-quality scholarly contributions that advance research, theory, criticism, and applied knowledge in landscape architecture and related fields.

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