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2026 (Volume 116)

Volume 114 Issue 3

Ground Conditions, Clearance Greening and Socioeconomic Persistence in London Neighbourhoods, 1881–2001

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1Department of Landscape Architecture, Stuart Weitzman School of Design, University of Pennsylvania, 119 Meyerson Hall, 210 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA19104-6311, USA
2Associate Professor, Department of Real Estate Management, HungKuo Delin University of Technology, No. 1, Lane 380, Qingyun Road, Tucheng District, New Taipei City

The assessment of urban green infrastructure tends to be based on measures of parks, gardens, street trees, and open space, but the social impacts of urban greenery are additionally mediated by land form, soils, drainage, history of settlement, and metro connections. This paper focuses on London neighbourhood data for 1881-2001 to evaluate whether greening in poor slum-clearance areas was linked with lower lower-status concentration. The present study interprets the London coefficients in terms of their direction, statistical significance, and reliability for groups of variables including ground conditions and status distribution; the Slum2Green terms among cleared neighbourhoods; and the long-run socioeconomic evolution in light of centrality and the 1908 London Underground line network. In all 197 London neighbourhoods, alluvium land is positively related to lower status concentration in 1881 (\(0.101^{**}\)) and 2001 (\(0.024^{**}\)). Bed rock sand has positive correlations with upper status concentration in 1881 (\(0.984^{*}\)) and 2001 (\(0.390^{***}\)). Slope elevation has negative relationships with class v in 1881 (\(-4.115^{***}\)), and positive correlations with social classes i–ii, \(2.027^{*}\). The main Slum2Green coefficients by 2001 tend to be positive or close to zero, and are weakly statistically significant in all specifications except for all-clearance and MSOA. Period-specific greening indicators have mixed signs, without strong evidence of a persistent reduction in lower-status concentration due to greening. The size of clearance, proximity to central London, distance to Westminster, and distance to 1908 underground network exhibit stronger associations. The London experience, thus, suggests no evidence of class replacement in greened slum-clearance areas.

Class-Resolved Land-Cover Resistance of Peri-Urban Green Infrastructure in the Krakow Metropolitan Fringe

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1Faculty of Architecture and Urban Studies Capital Design University Canada
2Department of Environmental Planning Pacific Research University Canada
3Department of Environmental Design Coastal Research University United States

Green infrastructure in peri-urban areas may be assessed according to various criteria like green-area quantity, accessibility, or sustainability class. Such indicators prove valuable, however, the difference between convertible and resilient land remains overlooked. This paper studies Krakow’s peri-urban fringe based on land-use composition within five sustainability classes defined for each of the 2313 hexagonal cells in the assessment system. The aim was to identify sustainability classes that feature both significant proportion of space and land use configuration that increases vulnerability of green infrastructural assets. Additionally, the effect of a modest arable-permanent grassland land-use exchange is estimated on those two classes that exhibit relatively higher susceptibility to change. The five classes under study have 1095 fields each (which constitutes 47.34% of the total number of fields), while very high and high classes account for 615 fields apiece (totaling 26.59%). Ordinal state is equal to 2.81, while ordinal sustainability burden stands at 0.547. In the very low class, arable land covers 74%, built-up – 11%, permanent grassland – 10% and no forest; therefore, its exposure-resilience ratio comes up to 8.50. For very high class arable land occupies 16%, built-up – 3%, permanent grassland – 18% and forest – 58%; hence, it gets an exposure-resilience ratio equal to 0.25. The low class is primarily responsible for vulnerability since it involves 36.62% of the total number of fields, exposes 73% to conversion and scores the transition-priority value of 0.200. With 20% arable-permanent grassland reallocation, the ratio of the very low class drops from 8.50 to 2.83, and that of the low class decreases from 3.48 to 1.78.

Call for Papers

Landscape Architecture invites submissions for Volume 2026, Issue 3, scheduled for publication in September 2026. The journal welcomes high-quality scholarly contributions that advance research, theory, criticism, and applied knowledge in landscape architecture and related fields.

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